burgessroadsurgery.co.ukEMIS Access log in
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Increased
risk for smokers |
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Acute
necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (gum disease) |
Muscle
injuries |
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Angina
(20 x risk) |
Neck
pain |
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Back
pain |
Nystagmus
(abnormal eye movements) |
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Buerger’s
Disease (severe circulatory disease) |
Ocular
Histoplasmosis (fungal eye infection) |
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Duodenal
ulcer |
Osteoporosis
(in both sexes) |
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Cataract
(2 x risk) |
Osteoarthritis |
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Cataract,
posterior subcapsular (3 x risk) |
Penis
(inability to have an erection) |
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Peripheral
vascular disease |
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Crohn’s
Disease (chronic inflamed bowel) |
Pneumonia |
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Depression |
Psoriasis
(2 x risk) |
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Diabetes
(Type 2, non-insulin dependent) |
Skin
wrinkling (2 x risk) |
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Hearing
loss |
Stomach
ulcer |
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Influenza |
Rheumatoid
arthritis (for heavy smokers)[5] |
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Impotence
(2 x risk) |
Tendon
injuries |
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Optic
Neuropathy (loss of vision, 16 x risk) |
Tobacco
Amblyopia (loss of vision) |
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Ligament
injuries |
Tooth
loss |
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Macular
degeneration (eyes, 2 x risk) |
Tuberculosis |
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Function
impaired in smokers |
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Ejaculation
(volume reduced) |
Sperm
count reduced |
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Fertility
(30% lower in women) |
Sperm
motility impaired |
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Immune
System (impaired) |
Sperm
less able to penetrate the ovum |
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Menopause
(onset 1.74 years early on average) |
Sperm
shape abnormalities increased |
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Symptoms
worse in smokers |
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Asthma |
Graves’
disease (over-active thyroid gland) |
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Chronic
rhinitis (chronic inflammation of the nose) |
Multiple
Sclerosis |
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Diabetic
retinopathy (eyes) |
Optic
Neuritis (eyes) |
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Disease
more severe or persistent in smokers |
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Common
cold |
Pneumonia |
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Crohn’s
Disease (chronic inflamed bowel) |
Tuberculosis |
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Influenza |
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Deaths
caused by smoking
One
in two long-term smokers will die prematurely as a result of smoking – half
of these in middle age. Every year in the
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Estimated
percentages and numbers of deaths attributable to smoking in the (based
on 1997 mortality data) [7] |
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Deaths
from disease estimated to be caused by smoking |
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Number |
As
% of all deaths from disease |
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Men
|
Women |
Total |
Men
|
Women |
Total |
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Cancer |
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|
|
|
|
|
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Lung |
19,600 |
9,600 |
29,200 |
89 |
75 |
84 |
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Upper
respiratory |
1,500 |
400 |
1,900 |
74 |
50 |
66 |
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Oesophagus |
2,900 |
1,700 |
4,600 |
71 |
65 |
68 |
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Bladder |
1,600 |
300 |
1,900 |
47 |
19 |
37 |
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Kidney |
700 |
100 |
800 |
40 |
6 |
27 |
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Stomach |
1,600 |
300 |
1,900 |
35 |
11 |
26 |
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Pancreas |
600 |
900 |
1,500 |
20 |
26 |
23 |
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Unspecified
site |
2,400 |
600 |
3000 |
33 |
7 |
20 |
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Myeloid
Leukaemia |
200 |
100 |
300 |
19 |
11 |
15 |
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Respiratory |
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Chronic
obstructive lung disease |
14,000 |
9,700 |
23,700 |
86 |
81 |
84 |
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Pneumonia |
5,600 |
4,800 |
10,500 |
23 |
13 |
17 |
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Circulatory |
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Ischaemic
heart disease |
16,800 |
7,500 |
24,300 |
22 |
12 |
17 |
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Cerebrovascular
disease |
3,000 |
3,800 |
6,900 |
12 |
9 |
10 |
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Aortic
aneurysm |
3,800 |
2,000 |
5,800 |
61 |
52 |
57 |
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Myocardial
degeneration |
200 |
300 |
500 |
22 |
12 |
15 |
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Atherosclerosis |
100 |
100 |
200 |
15 |
7 |
10 |
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Digestive |
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|
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|
|
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Ulcer
of the stomach or duedenum |
900 |
1,000 |
2,000 |
45 |
45 |
45 |
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Total
caused by smoking |
75,600 |
43,200 |
118,800 |
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Preventable
by smoking*: |
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|
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Parkinson's |
900 |
400 |
1,300 |
55 |
28 |
43 |
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Cancer
of the endometrium |
|
100 |
100 |
|
17 |
17 |
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Total
prevented by smoking |
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Deaths
from all causes due to smoking (causes less prevented) |
74,700 |
42,700 |
117,400 |
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*
Studies
have shown that smoking appears to have a protective effect against the onset
of some diseases such as endometrial cancer.
However, the positive effect is so small in comparison with the
overwhelming toll of death and disease caused by smoking that there is no
direct public health benefit.
Deaths
caused by smoking are six times higher than the 20,170 deaths arising from:
road accidents (3,444); poisoning and overdose (2,663); other accidental
deaths (8,986); murder and manslaughter (503); suicide (4,379); and HIV
infection (195) in the
References
[1]
Godfrey, C. et al. The smoking epidemic - a
prescription for change. Health Education
Authority, 1993.
[2]
Peto
R. Mortality in relation to
smoking: 40 years’ observations on male British doctors.
BMJ 1994; 309: 901-911
[3]
Peto
R et al. Mortality from smoking
in developed countries, 1950-2000.
[4]
Cigarettes: what the warning label doesn’t tell you. American
Council on Science & Health, 1997.
[5]
Hutchinson, D et al. Annals of Rheumatic Diseases, 2001; 60: 223-7
[6]
The
[7]
Nicotine Addiction in
[8]
Mortality statistics 1998., Office
for National Statistics, 1999; General Register Office for Scotland, 1998;
Registrar General Northern Ireland, Annual Report, Statistics & Research
Agency, 1998.
[9] Curbing the Epidemic. Governments and the economics of tobacco control. The World Bank, 1999. [View Report]
Last updated 22 June 2007